Pilot Foundations · Source-checked
Pitot-static and gyroscopic instruments
Learning goals
- Link each instrument to its source
- Predict errors from a blocked pitot or static port
The airspeed indicator, altimeter and vertical speed indicator rely on the pitot-static system. The attitude and heading indicators are typically gyroscopic, and the turn coordinator often is too.
Blockages produce predictable errors. A blocked pitot tube with an open drain hole drops airspeed toward zero; with both blocked, the airspeed indicator behaves like an altimeter. A blocked static system freezes the altimeter at the blockage altitude, gives a continuous zero on the VSI, and makes the airspeed indicator inaccurate. Some aircraft have an alternate static source. Knowing these patterns helps you cross-check rather than chase one instrument.
Assigned reading
Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25C (2023) with MOSAIC addendum (Oct 2025))
Chapter 8: Flight Instruments · Federal Aviation Administration · reviewed 2026-10-21
Self-check
Original practice questions for self-assessment only — not FAA test questions and not a certification.
Study preparation only. Not FAA-approved ground training, no endorsement, logbook or flight-time credit, and no guaranteed test result. Always follow your instructor and the approved AFM/POH for your aircraft.